Each double bond reduces the energy required for electrons to transition to higher energy states, allowing the molecule to absorb light at progressively longer wavelengths (Riccioni 2009)
In has been hypothesized, however, that this may not to be the case for Cys, as Cys synthesis is also localized in these three compartments, cytosol, mitochondria, and plastids (Watanabe et al., 2008
Li et al., 2009), rat neuronal PC12 cells (Smith et al., 1997), and isolated rat hepatocytes (Li et al., 2009)
Fleming, and PremPonka
This failure is largely due to testing exclusively on cancer cell lines grown in liquid medium, a condition that predicts in vivo efficacy to anticancer drugs worse than cell culture in 3D gels [4, 5] and is far from adequately reflecting the therapeutic responsiveness of cancers within their native microenvironment [2, 3]
We cover each in Sections 4, 6, and 7