Animal studies show substantial evidence across stroke models (full functional recovery in spatial memory, motor coordination, balance), Parkinsons models (protection of dopaminergic neurons, near-complete prevention of mortality), multiple sclerosis models (significantly less brain damage), and traumatic brain injury (reduced hemorrhage and edema)
One of them, investigating the potential effect of the patches on the levels of a small peptide in circulation in the blood, literally shows no results in the results section
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8020211 123 FanRTianWQinCLiPSunYLongMet al
That changed in February 2026, when a Phase 2 randomized controlled trial began recruiting participants
Dietary supplements are not well regulated and may cause a positive drug test result
Historically, the term "trochanteric bursitis" was used to describe any pain around the outside or lateral hip