Pigmentation Modulation: Glutathione directly influences the activity of tyrosinase, the key enzyme in melanin synthesis
Given that glutamate is a critical nitrogen donor for transamination reactions that generate most NEAAs, limited availability of glutamate in NRF2-addicted cancer cells results in increased dependency on exogenous NEAAs (LeBoeuf et al
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This approach selectively targets pigmentation without causing thermal damage to surround tissues, minimizing the risk of inflammation and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation
For example, vesicle-associated HSP70 has been shown to assist in antigen presentation to CD4 + T cells during the immune response (McLaughlin et al., 2010)
Distinct from apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy, ferroptosis is driven by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxides due to impaired antioxidant defenses, making it highly relevant to diabetes-associated oxidative stress 7,8