Li et al., 2018)
All experiments were conducted with adherence to the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals
Thymosin Alpha-1 is an immunomodulatory peptide that supports gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) function
To minimize side effects (lung toxicity, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity) some pediatric protocols used reduced dose of bleomycin from once per week to once per cycle (PEb) [322,323,324] or carboplatin instead of cisplatin [325, 326]
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Furthermore, TAK1 phosphorylates and activates several kinases, such as ERK, p38, JNK, AMPK, and IKK, which play a critical role in inducing autophagy in various settings [214]