In a double-blind randomized controlled trial of 82 people, N-acetylcysteine treatment (1.8 g/day from Fluimucil capsules) for 4 weeks significantly lowered plasma concentrations of homocysteine by -11.7% 3.0% (placebo: 4.1% 3.6%) while increasing those of cysteine by 28.1% 5.7% (placebo: 4.0% 3.4%)
Results showed Cerebrolysin was significantly more effective than placebo for cognitive function at 4 weeks (SMD -0.40, p=0.003), global clinical change at both 4 weeks (OR 3.32, p=0.02) and 6 months (OR 4.98, p=0.015), and combined global benefit (cognitive + clinical) at both timepoints
Fluid and electrolyte disturbances: Sodium retention Fluid retention Congestive heart failure in susceptible patients Potassium loss Hypokalemic alkalosis Hypertension Musculoskeletal: Muscle weakness Steroid myopathy Loss of muscle mass Osteoporosis Vertebral compression fractures Aseptic necrosis of femoral and humeral heads Pathologic fracture of long bones Gastrointestinal: Peptic ulcer with possible subsequent perforation and hemorrhage Pancreatitis Abdominal distention Ulcerative esophagitis Dermatological: Impaired wound healing Thin fragile skin Facial erythema Increased sweating May suppress reactions to skin tests Petechiae and ecchymoses Neurological: Convulsions Increased intracranial pressure with papilledema (pseudotumor cerebri) usually after treatment Vertigo Headache Ophthalmic: Posterior subcapsular cataracts Increased intraocular pressure Glaucoma Endocrine: Menstrual irregularities Development of cushingoid state Suppression of growth in children Secondary adrenocortical and pituitary unresponsiveness, particularly in times of stress, as in trauma, surgery, or illness Decreased carbohydrate tolerance Manifestations of latent diabetes mellitus Increased requirements for insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents in diabetics Metabolic: Negative nitrogen balance due to protein catabolism Miscellaneous: Hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation Subcutaneous and cutaneous atrophy Sterile abscess Postinjection flare following intra-articular use Charcot-like arthropathy Itching, burning, tingling in the ano-genital region A
doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.08.012
Comprising the initial 29 amino acids of the native hormone, this analog appears to stimulate GHRH receptors located in the somatotroph cells of the anterior pituitary gland, thereby facilitating the release of growth hormone
These patients had immune dysfunction and psychosocial stressors that can cause depression
