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Malabsorption (insufficient absorption of vitamin B12 in the intestine) due to insufficient production of intrinsic factor (a protein produced in the lining of the stomach that is needed to absorb vitamin B12), disorders in the end section of the ileum (part of the small intestine), such as sprue, fish tapeworm infestation or blind loop syndrome (change in the course of the intestine after gastric surgery)

Additionally, the absorption process itself is competitive, with amino acids and other nutrients vying for uptake in the small intestine

Also, if you have other gastric conditions, you may be injecting B12

This, in turn, can increase the risk of blood clots and cardiovascular issues

Studies show that giving glucagon leads to a 20% weight loss and increases energy use

This suggests either little understanding of alternative drug administration methods or no particular desire to seek alternatives to domestically administrated pilling