The liver produces glutathione, which travels in systemic circulation to cancel out free radicals
All cited studies are conducted in rodent or in-vitro systems
Pickart 2015 BioMed Res Int sequenced by Affymetrix chip the effects of 10 nM GHK-Cu on human fibroblasts after 24h: 4192 significantly modulated genes, including activation of DNA repair programmes (NBN, BRCA1), regeneration (collagens, elastin, integrins), antioxidant defence (glutathione peroxidase, SOD, peroxiredoxins) and anti-inflammatory modulation (reduction of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8)
Subcutaneous injection near the injury site is common for musculoskeletal issues, allowing high local concentrations while still providing systemic benefits
At the cellular level, a sophisticated chaperone network minimizes cytotoxic free copper levels
Allicin, the primary active compound in garlic, becomes available when you crush or chop fresh garlic cloves