Designed to keep horses active for longer periods Ensures adequate muscle metabolism, sufficient red blood cells and a healthy liver
Endotoxins Bacterial contamination introduced during handling that can trigger inflammatory responses and skew results
You may consume adequate amounts of B12, but if you dont have the needed protein, the B12 will pass through without absorption
Droppers, spray pumps, and pipettes are conventional liquid nasal delivery methods and are less likely to target the olfactory via these systems due to the location of the olfactory epithelium in the upper part of the nose and the nasal cavity turbinate restriction, as well as the effect of changing of the head position [10,18]
Bacteriostatic vials allow multiple entries, but each entry must be done with a new sterile syringe/needle to avoid introducing pathogens
The main difference is the preservative