Proline residues interrupt alpha-helical and beta-sheet structures, producing turns and bends that may prevent proper enzyme-substrate alignment for peptide bond cleavage
A pharmacokinetic study in rats found that oral administration produced substantial plasma concentrations, with a maximum concentration of 2252 ng/mL and an elimination half-life of approximately 6.9 hours
Digestive conditions like Crohns disease, celiac disease, and chronic gastritis, along with medications such as metformin or acid reflux drugs, can further reduce absorption
A little hard to find but very professional
Multiple nutritional factors and thyroid disease, with particular reference to autoimmune thyroid disease
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