IBR.3 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium (Biosera) with 10% FBS (Gibco, Invitrogen) and 1% PenicillinStreptomycin (Gibco)
Recovery Peptides Compared at a Glance The table below summarizes how the main recovery peptides differ in their primary role, their status for tested competition, and how mature the evidence is
doi: 10.1186/s12967-023-04116-4
As do other arsenicals, it induces G 2 /M cell cycle arrest and triggers apoptosis through disruption of mitochondrial functions and JNK activation and is responsible for reactive oxygen species production (Diaz et al., 2008)
The peptide also delivers copper as a cofactor for lysyl oxidase and lysyl hydroxylase, enzymes essential for proper collagen cross-linking and structural integrity
Calcium bilirubin, a prime aspect of black pigment stones, forms when calcium combines with unconjugated bilirubin