Untargeted metabolomics identifies enterobiome metabolites and putative uremic toxins as substrates of organic anion transporter 1 (Oat1)
Others represent alternatives for those who can't use copper peptides
Nausea occurred in about 20% of participants, barely above the 18% placebo rate
PMID: 36792890
Specifically, a threefold increase in neutrophil count, a twofold increase in protease levels, and 2-4 times higher levels of IL-8, IL-6, IL1, and leukotriene B4 have been observed in the epithelial lining fluid compared to healthy controls (50)
Since the translocation of bacteria or their products can induce systemic inflammation, alter the bloodbrain barrier, and trigger neuroinflammation, some researchers believe that this process may be the basis for neurological disturbances in ME/CFS patients