Lipodystrophy manifests as abnormal fat distribution, marked by diminished fat in the face and limbs and increased abdominal and visceral fat, often as a side effect of antiretroviral medication
A deficiency of insulin or a lack of sensitivity of peripheral receptors to insulin lead to hyperglycemia
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In electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), peptide-derived compounds commonly form protonated molecular ions
These drugs mimic the action of the endogenous hormone GLP-1, promoting insulin secretion, inhibiting glucagon release, slowing gastric emptying, and reducing appetite, among other effects
SS-31 targets the inner mitochondrial membrane through cardiolipin