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Method Absorption Rate Advantages Disadvantages Oral pills 1.2-40% depending on intrinsic factor Convenient, widely available Poor absorption, especially with age or GI issues Sublingual Slightly better than pills No need for intrinsic factor, easy to use Still less effective than injectable forms In-clinic IM injection Nearly 100% Highly effective, professionally administered Requires clinic visits, potential travel and waiting time At home B12 injection Nearly 100% Highly effective, convenient, no travel needed Requires training, prescription, and comfort with self-injection IV infusion 100% Immediate delivery to bloodstream Most expensive, requires professional administration For many people especially those with serious deficiencies, digestive disorders, or pernicious anemia at home B12 injection offers the sweet spot of effectiveness and convenience

I voted no primarily for low-quality evidence around efficacy, the poor characterization of the bulk drug substance and the fact that there are approved medical therapies for all the proposed uses, Todd Durham, a senior vice president at Foundation Fighting Blindness, said in Fridays meeting
A 2025 systematic review, Vasireddi et al., HSS J 2025, screened hundreds of articles and found the BPC-157 orthopaedic base to be almost exclusively animal or low-level studies, with only isolated small human reports and no rigorous randomised trials
If I were a patient with a chronic tendon injury that wasn't responding to standard treatments, I'd understand the temptation to try something unconventional