doi:10.1007/3418_004
It is most relevant during GLP-1 use or caloric deficit, when fatigue is part of the picture, with age-related NAD+ decline, or when progress stalls after a clean first month
Primary peer-reviewed research is concentrated in three waves: (a) Discovery and enzymology Neelakantan et al., Biochemical Pharmacology 2017, characterising IC50, cellular EC50, and on-target 1-MNA reduction
However, adding B12 without a documented deficiency offers no proven benefit and represents unnecessary cost and injection frequency
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Thus, the radioactivity excreted in the urine during the 24 hours following the administration of the labeled B12 will reveal the answer