Peptide Class: Extended single-chain polypeptide Disulfide Bonds: Three intramolecular CysCys bridges Key Modification: Arg substitution + 13-residue N-terminal extension Molecular Formula: CHNOS Appearance: White to off-white lyophilized powder Physicochemical Properties Solubility: Soluble in dilute acetic acid (0.1 M) and aqueous buffers at mildly acidic pH Isoelectric Point: ~8.4 (basic character from Arg/Lys content) UV Absorption: Aromatic residue signal from Tyr and Phe chromophores at 275280 nm Stability: Lyophilized form stable at -20C Analytical Methods: HPLC (purity), mass spectrometry (identity confirmation) FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY
November 13, 2025
10.3892/ol.2022.13224 145 ZhangT.YaoC.ZhouX.LiuS.QiL.ZhuS.et al (2024)
however, optimal dosing, disease-specific use, and long-term safety require more well-designed human trials
Food Chem Toxicol 116:5969 Mailafiya MM, Abubakar K, Chiroma SM, Danmaigoro A, Rahim EBA, Moklas MAM et al (2020) Curcumin-loaded cockle shell-derived calcium carbonate nanoparticles: a novel strategy for the treatment of lead-induced hepato-renal toxicity in rats
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