Strategies for the oral delivery of peptides are broadly categorized into four methods: (1) permeation enhancers (PEs), (2) nanoparticles, (3) lipid-based drug delivery systems (self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS)) or hydrophobic ion-pairing, and (4) microneedle devices
A number of studies have shown beneficial effects of GLP-1-based interventions on measures affecting cardiovascular pathologies such as blood pressure, body weight and lipid metabolism that are thought to be exerted independent of GLP-1 analogues effects on glycemic control 8,9 and the effects on markers of atherosclerosis are also reported 10,11,12
these effects are greater than those reported for currently approved single or dual agonists 1,3
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Rushing the medication delivery increases pressure at the depot site
It might be tougher to locate clinics with the expertise to implement peptides