Studies have shown that the gut microbiota can convert dietary polyphenols into low molecular weight bioactive metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and phenolic acids, which may exert their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects through signaling pathways like Nrf2 and NF-B (Papuc et al., 2017)
3.2 Antioxidant effects Flavonoids in Scrophulariae Radix help neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS), protecting cells from oxidative stress (86, 87)
This non-invasive therapy improves circulation, supports cellular repair, and reduce inflammation
IGF-1 LR3 remains largely unbound and biologically active in circulation
For more extensive revisions, initial recovery typically takes one to two weeks, while complete healing and scar maturation can take several months
Circulating gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and changes in bone density in response to weight loss diets: the POUNDS lost trial