J Urol 2002
In order to prevent mitochondrial malfunction and sustain metabolic function/energy generation (ATP), NAD+ supplementation may counterbalance the age-related degradation of NAD+ and its precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide by NADases, particularly CD38.7 NAD+ replenishment, however, appears to support a number of other metabolic pathways via NAD+-dependent enzymes in research involving human and animal models (as well as samples and cell lines) (1,2,3)
After loading, transition to maintenance dosing of 1000 mcg every 1 to 4 weeks depending on response and follow-up testing
Lyophilized vs liquid stability Extremely stable Water removed = minimal degradation 2-3 years shelf life (refrigerated) 3-5 years (frozen) Can survive room temp short periods Liquid (reconstituted) : Much less stable Degradation begins immediately 28 days max with bacteriostatic water 1-3 days with sterile water Must stay refrigerated This is why peptides ship as powder : Stability during shipping, longer shelf life, easier storage
If you're experiencing persistent throat tightness or concerning symptoms, Doctronic can help determine the cause and appropriate treatment.
Groneberg DA, Rabe KF, Fischer A