Similar content being viewed by others Review Background The traditional oral pharmacological therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been based on the prescription of metformin as first line antihyperglycemic agent world over
Rivot JP, Montagne-Clavel J, Besson JM
Documented Long-Term Side Effects of Corticosteroids Bone loss and fractures due to calcium and vitamin D depletion and impaired osteoblast activity (2) Blood sugar dysregulation and steroid-induced diabetes through increased insulin resistance and gluconeogenesis (3) Muscle wasting and impaired connective tissue repair from protein catabolism and suppressed synthesis (4) Weakened immunity, delayed healing, and prolonged infections related to micronutrient depletion and immune suppression (5) Weight gain, mood changes, and insomnia driven by hormonal and circadian disruption (6,7) Abnormal blood lipids, hypertension, and increased cardiovascular risk , including heart attack, with long-term use (8) Thinning skin and easy bruising from collagen breakdown and connective tissue loss (9) Psychiatric effects , including anxiety, irritability, depression, andin severe casessteroid-induced psychosis, particularly at higher doses or with prolonged exposure (10) Even short-term corticosteroid use can cause side effects in susceptible patients
Exendin-4, a Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist, Prevents Osteopenia by Promoting Bone Formation and Suppressing Bone Resorption in Aged Ovariectomized Rats
However, researchers are interested in its application in other areas of the bodyparticularly in regards to wound healing, neuroprotection, and muscle and tissue growth
To view a copy of this license, visit About this article Cite this article Dou, X., Li, S., Hu, L
