The observation that GIPR agonism and antagonism both produce superior outcomes when combined with GLP-1R agonism remains mechanistically unresolved and represents a genuine open question in the field
M.CaoN.et al (2016)
For example: People put on GLP-1 drugs might differ in meaningful ways from those started on SGLT-2s or DPP-4s Severity of diabetes, weight, blood pressure patterns, sleep apnea, smoking history, and other factors can be hard to capture perfectly in claims Diagnostic coding can be imperfect Follow up time was up to 18 months, not years That said, the study is large, and it tries to do the comparison thoughtfully
Build Muscle with Creatine
Diabetes Therapy, 12(10), 25132530
Common side effects observed in monotherapy trials, similar to other GLP-1 receptor agonists, include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting, with most adverse events being mild to moderate in severity