In cells exposed to hypoxia or ischemia, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is upregulated and acts as a key regulator of more than 70 genes, including TNF- , IL-1 , IL-6 , and IL-12 , promoting their expression to potentially harmful levels [15]
10.1016/j.clbc.2018.12.008 188 SzatmriT.DobraK
In EMPA-KIDNEY, which enrolled more than 6,600 patients, Jardiance combined with standard of care elicited a 28% relative risk reduction in kidney disease progression, defined as end-stage kidney disease, or cardiovascular death compared with placebo plus standard of care
38 SchairerD
lifestyle changes are important but alone are insufficient to prevent future gout flares from occurring Titrate urate-lowering medicine doses until the patient achieves a serum urate level below 0.36 mmol/L
doi: 10.1038/372425a0