Red meat ingestion reduced fractional renal excretion of TMAO, but increased fractional renal excretion of carnitine and two additional gut microbiota-generated metabolites of carnitine: c-butyrobetaine, and crotonobetaine
It ensures that the "prepped" toxins from Phase I are safely neutralized and prepared for exit in Phase II
Common side effects include mild nausea, constipation, and reduced appetite during the first 1-4 weeks as your body adjusts
Symptoms of a hangover may include headaches, nausea, dehydration, upset stomach, muscle pain, irritability, lack of concentration, dizziness, and weakness
Science (2014) 344(6185):1249783.10.1126/science.1249783 52 LiuYJiangJLepikBZhangYZinnKRFrankSJ
5 years of Farxiga usage: Weight loss: 5-8 pounds (maximum amount achievable) Total costs: $30,000 to $36,000 (self-pay) or $1,500 to $6,000 (with insurance coverage) Side effects: Permanent UTIs, recurring yeast infections, increased dehydration risk Outcome after discontinuation: Weight gain back within 3 to 6 months Elimination of diabetes: 0% only possible through managing symptoms Frequency: Every day for years (and potentially a lifetime) Bariatric surgery (one-time surgical procedure): Weight loss: 60-80% of excess body weight Total costs: $15,000 to $25,000 (self-pay), or insurance coverage is often available Side effects: Recovery period post-surgery (2-4 weeks) Long-term outcome: Physiological change
