Elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-, IL-1, and IL-6 can cross the BBB, activating microglia and amplifying neuroinflammation (118)
Stored in the cytosol and mitochondria of liver cells, it acts as a potent antioxidant, neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress
The related Athira compound fosgonimeton failed its Phase 2 Alzheimer's trial (LIFT-AD) in 2023 for efficacy, and Athira discontinued development
Gipr hypo-KO and control Gipr hypo-GFP mice were transferred to an HFD and treated daily with either LIRA or VEH
eutopic endometrium, with diagnostic value
The results showed that the breath-powered drug delivery approach could produce superior olfactory deposition than the conventional aerosol mask approach [40]