GLP-1 medications are not available over the counter and require a licensed medical provider to prescribe
Some research community protocols stack 5-Amino-1MQ with AOD-9604 or with a GLP-1 drug, but no human study has tested those combinations
GLP1 General Function and Its Effect on HPG Axis GLP-1 is an incretin, which is a hormone produced by the small intestine cells in the distal ileum and colon in response to food intake, whose levels are low in T2DM patients ( Furthermore, GLP-1 seems to be implicated in the control of HPG function, as it modulates the activity of hypothalamic GnRH neurons and gonadal development ( in-vitro experiments on neuronal cell line, a concentration-dependent increase in luteinizing hormone- realizing hormone (LH-RH) release associated with intracellular cAMP accumulation was observed, after GLP-1 analog injections, supporting an activity of GLP-1 on GnRH neurons ( Kiss-1 gene expression and increasing kisspeptin release ( In animal studies, as well, GLP-1 analog administration induced GnRH neuron release via modulation of nitric-oxide and endocannabinoid pathways that regulate the GABAergic current in the postsynaptic GnRH neurons ( In addition, studies in adult healthy men however have demonstrated that an infusion of GLP-1 after oral glucose ingestion during an euglycemic clamp reduces the number of pulsatile testosterone (T) secretion with a trend towards a longer T pulse duration by a mechanism independent of LH release, without altering the mean reproductive hormone levels ( Lastly, protein expression of GLP-1R was found in human and mouse testis, while increased mRNA content was demonstrated in human testis as well as in Leydig and Sertoli cell lines of mice ( Therefore, all these data may support the involvement of GLP-1 on the HPG axis and its potential impact on the male gonadal function
Acta Physiol (Oxf) (2011) 201(1):1516
Cloning of genes determining the production of mannose-resistant fimbriae in a uropathogenic strain of Escherichia coli belonging to serogroup O6
Samaras K, Makkar S, Crawford JD, Kochan NA, Wen W, Draper B, Trollor JN, Brodaty H, Sachdev PS
