Moreover, distinct cytokine signatures have been associated with varying severity levels of ME/CFS, where higher levels of plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), correlate with increased physical and fatigue symptoms in these patients (Giloteaux et al., 2023)
The main reason is metformin, the first-line medicine for type 2 diabetes, which can reduce how well the gut absorbs vitamin B12 over time
Unfortunately, the most common form of B12 in supplements and fortified foods is Cyanocobalamin which is not as effective as Methylcobalamin
This reduces side effects
816 Across settings, they also provide care to individuals returning from a hospital stay and can help reduce the risk of readmission, as well as assist with endoflife care transitions
This surgery means less nutrient absorption