Other groups who may benefit include: Patients following gastric surgery (gastrectomy, bariatric procedures) where intrinsic factor production or absorption sites are compromised Individuals with malabsorption disorders such as Crohn's disease, coeliac disease, or chronic pancreatitis Strict vegans and vegetarians with dietary insufficiency, though oral supplementation is usually tried first Elderly patients with atrophic gastritis or reduced gastric acid production Patients on long-term metformin or proton pump inhibitors, which can impair B12 absorption [6] [8] Individuals with nitrous oxide exposure (recreational or medical), which can cause functional B12 deficiency Diagnosis typically involves serum B12 measurement, with levels below approximately 148 pmol/L (though thresholds vary between laboratories) generally indicating deficiency
Magnesium deficiency can lead to increased cravings, poor blood sugar control, and sluggish metabolism
The article on why not losing weight on semaglutide discusses multiple factors that affect results, including peptide quality
Genetic variants related to the immune system and autoimmune diseases increases the risk of pernicious anemia
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Freezing and thawing can damage the peptide structure, just like shaking
