This could be due to racial differences in B12 metabolism, or in environmental factors, most obviously diet (B12 intake)
doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1998.275.5.e806 14 van RaalteDHBrandsMvan der ZijlNJMuskietMHPouwelsPJWAckermansMTet al
However, despite strong evidence that tirzepatide engages the GIPR in competition-binding assays, cell-based experiments using transfected receptors and studies of transgenic mice, there is little functional evidence that tirzepatide directly activates the GIPR in humans as part of its substantial pharmacological effect
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