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These are essential risk factors, but they do not tell the entire biological story
Development of improved formulations or delivery systems could potentially enhance therapeutic efficacy, reduce dosing frequency, or improve patient compliance with treatment protocols
Cells were incubated with the ROS indicator, DCFH-DA, a membrane-permeable compound that becomes fluorescent upon intracellular esterase-mediated hydrolysis, yielding DCFH
-glutaredoxin upregulated the expression of the Nrf2 pathway and its downstream enzymes (CAT, SOD), enhanced endogenous antioxidant defence, increased GSH levels and reduced ROS accumulation [125]