Research using high-glucose-injured human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) showed Epithalon treatment restored impaired wound healing, reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, and increased antioxidant gene expression
Furthermore, the dopamine metabolism process inherent to vulnerable nigrostriatal neurons intrinsically generates ROS, further damaging mitochondrial complex I and proteasome function, creating a vicious cycle of oxidative stress and neurodegeneration [336]
Unlike regular glutathione supplements, glutathione liposomal is encapsulated in liposomes, which protects it from breaking down in the digestive system, ensuring better absorption
however, the specific upstream molecular regulators of this effect warrant further investigation
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Adv Funct Mater 31(22):2010882 Kuo H-C, Liu S-H, Lin Y-G, Chiang C-L, Tsang DC (2020) Synthesis of FeCoN@ N-doped carbon oxygen reduction catalysts via microwave-assisted ammoxidation