When joints are inflamed, they produce excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, to the point that they overwhelm the bodys defences and deplete the local glutathione supply [6]
For these two specifically, the goal is to maximize bioavailability
IV drip is more effective as it allows better absorption
In contrast, a multicenter retrospective cohort study, including a higher-risk population (23% with CKD) reported slower eGFR decline and lower risks of CKD progression and doubling of serum creatinine among SGLT2 inhibitor users compared with GLP-1 receptor agonist users
That would be a recipe for intense side effects
This process is marked by Fe overload, GSH depletion, and mitochondrial shrinkage