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Pernicious Anemia: Parenteral vitamin B 12 is the recommended treatment and will be required for the remainder of the patient's life

Fotona Nd:YAG 1064nm is the safest option for darker skin tones due to lower surface melanin absorption

Iontophoresis: Research has explored the use of low-level electrical current to drive GHK-Cu deeper into the skin, enhancing its topical effectiveness

Study design and statistical analysis

MedlinePlus: B Vitamins NCBI: Statpearls: Vitamin B12 Deficiency (Cobalamin) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Progesterone or ProgestogenReleasing Intrauterine Systems for Heavy Menstrual Bleeding ScienceDirect: Medicine: Iron, Vitamin B12 and Folate Pernicious Anaemia Society: Symptoms of Pernicious Anaemia Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics: Avoidance of Meat and Poultry Decreases Intakes of Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Vitamin B12, Selenium and Zinc in Young Women EBSCO Publishing: Dysmenorrhea Medical News Today: Everything You Need to Know About Vitamin B-12 National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements: Vitamin B12 Penn State Hershey: Milton S

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