Metformin, the cornerstone of T2DM therapy, activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which has been shown to normalize SR/ER-mitochondria interactions ( 2+ overload (Wu et al., 2019)
Severe gastroparesis and a history of acute pancreatitis require careful evaluation
TRIUMPH-4: knee osteoarthritis (completed) TRIUMPH-4 is the first and, as of April 2026, the only Phase 3 trial to report results
Guidance on actions to take during circumstances of medication unavailability, such as medication shortages
According to another study, glutaminolysis increases the level of -KG production, resulting in GTP loading of RagB and lysosomal translocation of the mTORC1 complex in human cancer cell lines 160
Piper longum comprises of piperine and piperlongumine, which increase immunomodulation and promote clearance of pulmonary congestion (Aggarwal 2015)