So the results should be interpreted with caution
Key findings include: Unprecedented HbA1c reductions ranging from 1.9% to 2.6% across different trials and populations SURPASS-1 (monotherapy): Up to 92% of participants achieved HbA1c less than 7%, with 52% reaching normoglycemia (HbA1c less than 5.7%) SURPASS-2 (versus semaglutide 1 mg): GLP2 demonstrated superior HbA1c and weight reduction at all doses compared to the leading GLP-1 receptor agonist SURPASS-3 (versus insulin degludec): Superior glycemic control when added to metformin with or without SGLT2 inhibitors SURPASS-4 (versus insulin glargine): Improved outcomes in patients with elevated cardiovascular risk Across all SURPASS trials, GLP2 showed consistent efficacy with low rates of clinically significant hypoglycemia (blood glucose less than 54 mg/dL)
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00095 136 SenderR.FuchsS.MiloR
Finally, there is no global consensus on what should be considered APA (55)
The gut-brain axis connection means that gut healing reduces systemic inflammation reaching the brain, while direct neurotransmitter effects address mood regulation centrally
Members also report improvements in energy, sleep, mood, and metabolic health markers