The part that showed the most anti-hyperglycemic activity without causing side effects is the leaves
10.3390/ijms24054490 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Tieu S., Charchoglyan A., Paulsen L., Wagter-Lesperance L
Spectrochim Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 105:612617 Vinluan RD, Liu J, Zhou C, Yu M, Yang S, Kumar A, Sun S, Dean A, Sun X, Zheng J (2014) Glutathione-coated luminescent gold nanoparticles: a surface ligand for minimizing serum protein adsorption
However, taking the substance 30 minutes to one hour before or several hours after meals may be beneficial
Both ferroptosis and cuproptosis show close connections to mitochondria: cuproptosis depends on lipoylated mitochondrial enzymes and the loss of Fe-S clusters [8]
These findings highlight the need for future research on dietary components that influence bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota composition, which may reveal new strategies for treating liver diseases (50)