When intake falls short or absorption fails, supplementation or injections can help restore healthy levels
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B12 deficiency can also be an issue if you have had weight loss surgery, have a very poor diet, or follow extreme or restrictive diets for a long time
It upregulates genes involved in collagen synthesis (COL1A1, COL3A1, COL5A1), extracellular matrix remodeling (decorin, fibromodulin), and antioxidant defense (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) while simultaneously suppressing genes associated with inflammation (IL-6, TNF-alpha), fibrinogen production, and tissue destruction (several MMPs)