In most food sources, B12 is bound to a protein molecule released by the metabolic activity of hydrochloric acid and other enzymes in the stomach
B12 injections support cognitive function in meaningful ways
4,5 Without adequate disease control, UC may result in gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloody diarrhoea, faecal urgency, incontinence, abdominal pain, fatigue, weight loss and nutritional deficiencies, together with extraintestinal manifestations that include arthritis, skin disease and iritis
In published research it has been investigated for its effects on tissue repair, angiogenesis, gastrointestinal mucosal protection and anti-inflammatory signalling in animal and cell-culture models
Although it is not a primary benefit
doi: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.09.005