Insulin-like growth factor-1 metabolic effects At a first glance, IGF-1 has historical fame for being a growth and differentiation factor, however, a number of growth-unrelated actions have been recently unravelled [123]
Animal research suggests several converging mechanisms: modulation of the nitric oxide pathway , upregulation of VEGF driving angiogenesis, interaction with the growth-hormone-receptor pathway , and modulation of inflammatory cytokines including TNF- and IL-6
Patients reported feeling much more energized after a 3-month schedule of B12 injections
it goes where it's needed
The frequency of dosing should be related to the severity of the deficiencies
In short, while B12 corrects deficiency reliably, it does not act like a weight-loss drug in people with normal levels