Cardiovascular risk reduction was similar across different levels of weight loss
8.0%), constipation (14.0%, 16.2%, 16.8% vs
Besides, reduced appetite, anorexia and altered intestinal motility often accompany intestinal inflammation, and might be linked to EEC, since PYY, GLP-1, and CCK signal satiety and modify motility (163, 164)
reported that GLP-1-induced suppression of glucagon release is dependent of protein kinase A (PKA) and independent of glucose or paracrine effects mediated by insulin or by somatostatin acting on somatostatin receptor subtype-2 [16],[17]
Blood pressure control was unaffected in the LEADER trial (N=9,340), where 82% of patients were on renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and no signal of hypertension worsening appeared [19]
Many of these are approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and some are approved for weight loss