Moreover, existing studies mostly focus on the regulation of RA synovial cells (such as FLS) or macrophages by the cGAS-STING pathway, whereas this study, for the first time, clearly demonstrates the central role of the cGAS-STING-ferroptosis axis in RA chondrocytes, and reveals that GLP-1RAs exerted therapeutic effects on RA through a dual mechanism of directly inhibiting this axis and simultaneously promoting the M2 polarization of macrophages
however, their effects on OA incidence remain incompletely understood
TG, in contrast, showed only mild, transient changes, aligning with its trajectory toward recovery
Conversely, others choose morning administration to monitor for adverse effects during waking hours when they can implement management strategies
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