It was shown that stem cell exos protect the kidney from damage through multiple pathways by eliciting anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-fibrotic effects and by regulating podocyte autophagy (230)
Drug administration protocols (dose, timing, and route) are detailed in the Pharmacological Interventions section
T.Lee SanghoonL
32 , 33 The release of histones from dying cells, including from NETs, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a range of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus
It needs to be injected into a muscle I believe
The proposed mechanism centers on modulation of the nitric oxide system: BPC-157 counteracts L-NAME-induced eNOS blockade in rat models and supports vascular sprouting through VEGFR2 internalization (Hsieh et al., J Mol Med , 2017)