however, in cases of azoospermia, severe oligozoospermia, or severely abnormal sperm parameters, sperm may be obtained via aspiration of the epididymis, vas deferens, or testes, or through microsurgical dissection of the testes
Both are essential, both are limited, and both trend downward with age
MOTS-c has demonstrated favorable safety profiles in rodent and primate models with no serious adverse events reported at therapeutic doses
The honest framing matters here: AHK-Cu has no established human dosing protocol
Santos JC, Profits-Pelej N, Ribeiro ML, Rou G
If you have vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, your doctor may order additional tests to understand if its because of an underlying medical condition